Plasma lipoproteins can be divided into seven classes based on size, lipid composition, and apolipoproteins (chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lipoprotein (a) ). A secondary function is to transport toxic foreign hydrophobic and amphipathic compounds, such as bacterial endotoxin, from areas of invasion and infection 1). These lipoproteins play a key role in the absorption and transport of dietary lipids by the small intestine, in the transport of lipids from the liver to peripheral tissues, and the transport of lipids from peripheral tissues to the liver and intestine (reverse cholesterol transport). Large quantities of fatty acids from meals must be transported as triglycerides to avoid toxicity. Because lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, are insoluble in water these lipids must be transported in association with proteins in the circulation. Lipoprotein in the blood whose primary purpose is to transport cholesterol, tryglycerides, and other fats throughout the body.

If lipoprotein (a) levels donвЂ™t really change over my lifetime, why would my doctor prescribe treatment?.

Can I have an lipoprotein (a) test done in my doctorвЂ™s office?.

Why would my doctor want to order an lipoprotein (a) more than once?.High alpha lipoprotein (hyperalphalipoproteinemia).' This VLDL-subfraction (VLDL-2) has a similar chemical composition to beta-VLDL which has been suggested to be of importance in the development of atherosclerosis. ' It may be that beta-VLDL also plays a role in determining the level of vascular tonus in atherosclerosis.' ' The abnormal accumulation of beta-VLDL may be one of the possible explanations for the rapid, premature atherosclerosis in the two siblings with FCHL in this kindred. ' It is now widely appreciated that remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, IDL and specific LDL subfractions may have a role in atherogenesis disproportionate to the plasma concentrations of these species.

' Thus evidence from clinical studies linking hypertriglyceridaemia with potentially important atherogenic factors such as intermediate density lipoproteins, small dense LDL and increased cholesteryl ester exchange may provide a greater understanding of atherogenesis and potential sites of therapeutic intervention than epidemiology.

'Д¬oronary Stenosis (Coronary Artery Stenosis)

' Several mechanisms of estrogen mediated protection from cardiovascular disease have been identified including increased HDL, lower LDL, lower VLDL-cholesterol/triglyceride ratio, increased clearance of intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and LDL via an upregulated LDL receptor, diminished penetration and degradation of LDL in the arterial wall, an inhibition of LDL oxidation by various estrogens and a reversal of inappropriate acetylcholine (EDRF)-mediated vasoconstriction in arteriosclerotic vessels. ' High levels of low-density lipoproteins and intermediate-density lipoproteins, as well as their apoproteins, are strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease. ' We conducted a genome-wide association analysis of 7 subfractions of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) and 3 subfractions of intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs) measured by gradient gel electrophoresis, and their response to statin treatment, in 1868 individuals of European ancestry from the Pharmacogenomics and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease study. ' Familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) is characterized by the presence of beta-migrating VLDL (beta-VLDL) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Idl lipoprotein